Either plane off or sand off the kerf on the inwale side. Take some scrap cardboard and cut into 2 squares and put squares of cardboard between clamp and gunwale to provide better grip and reduce tendency to walk. Mad River Canoe stocks decks for current canoe models and those that have been discontinued for more than three years. Remove the screws located approximately 12" from end of decks. Then lean the hull towards the paddles. To replace the entire Gunwales on a Mad River Canoe could cost over $900 to purchase four gunwales + shipping charges to TopKayaker, and a $45.00 Handling Charge. If re-rail requires removal of existing gunwales follow steps below: 1. Place orders for replacement gunwales through your authorized Mad River dealer. There is no doubt that wood just looks better. The Lashing Kit for Wood Gunwales 8023344 (formerly part no. Wipe down gunwales with dry rag to remove excess oil. Check to see that new gunwales are on line with line traced on hull at bottom of original gunwales. Cut both rails on line marked. The installation of two vinyl Gunwales is necessary for a complete rail re-fit. 3. Timeless and Rugged. 65.8K subscribers Subscribe 796 Share 57K views 9 years ago 6 hour install and 1 hour finish sanding to replace. So yeah, I think Ill handing tying, untying, securing and checking all of the lines myself, undistracted. Using 11/64" tapered bit and countersink, drill holes for deck screws at marks. Wood gunwales provide a good balance between stiffness and flexibility. Plastic and wood expand and contract at different rates during times of warming and cooling. Gunwale Guard (if your canoe has wood gunwales): Gunwale Guard is a resinated oil that soaks into the grain of the wood, providing a deep layer of protection against moisture. The Type Of Canoe Depended On The Resources That Were Available To The Tribe Why The Canoe Model Was Created, Why The Canoe Was The Transportation Of Choice In Canada. If you have an older model canoe and the decks are glued to the gunwales, you may want to consider the short-splicing process that allows you to utilize those existing decks. . Look for any rises or humps that would indicate gunwale is not seated completely on hull. The cost of repairing canoe gunwales can vary depending on the severity of the damage and the materials needed for the repair. A Kit for Vinyl Gunwales, with Rivets, is available. From the beginning, Mad River Canoe explored new designs and experimented with new materials. Depending on model of canoe and date of manufacture, decks may be glued to gunwales or released when screws are removed. A gunwale is the top edge of a boat's side. Insert screws into holes and tighten. Has anyone tried infusing gflex into a break like this rather then splicing in a new piece of gunwale? Collect a handful of sawdust and set aside. Hang the top curve over the side of the hull and put the outwale in the bottom curve. Allow 5 to 10 minutes for oil to be absorbed into wood. Also, trace the bottom edge of the gunwales on the hull from end to end and mark each screw location. NOTE: Additional hardware and/or tools may be required to complete replacement or rehabilitation of your canoe depending upon model, material, age. Tempting as a quick and dirty repair might be, I would scarf in a new segment of inwale and outwale. The gunwales should be treated periodically with . ** S hooks can be made easily from a wire clothes hanger. The Wooden Canoe Heritage Association might be a good resource for supplies and canoe repair services. The boat is kind of a rescue project and far from pristine. This process is described at the end of the following instructions. If your canoe is constantly exposed to salt water, over time some corrosion can occur. Lower the gunwales onto hull and allow end of deck to fit over stem of canoe. **Waterproof wood glue is needed if you pursue the short splicing repair process that preserves original wood decks by trimming new gunwales short of decks. 4. This will strengthen that point and keep it from splitting if canoe is dropped on its end. If your canoe has the square gunwales, you will need to plan to replace the decks as well as the gunwales. Halpc, let us know how you decide to proceed, and when you do, photos please. Mad River Canoe does not recommend varnishing your gunwales as varnish is a surface coating and is quite brittle. At the other end of the life cycle, wood is also quite green, so disposal issues are unlikely. Crushed the van roof and shattered the windshield, no significant hull damage. But the hull there is weakened. The best alternative s to coordinate an order for replacement gunwales with a boat delivery to your dealer. I see what I believe to be broken fibers of what looks like fiberglass roving peeking out from under the cracked gel coat. Check to make sure gunwale is seated on the marked line and proceed to drill holes at new marks, working from center towards ends of canoe. Halpc, when I had my split and rotted gunwale damage detailed and videoed above, I too received here contradictory suggestions -- everything from replacing the entire gunwales, to scarfing in segments, to debates over different types of glues to infuse. The painters allow you to tie off your canoe to shore as well as provide a means to retrieve your canoe in case of upset. Common Cane Seat Video. Wooden gunwales from Mad River would be compatible with the most recently made Mad River canoes. Composite (fiberglass or Kevlar hulls) differ in thickness from Royalex If you are unsure of model or material, bring your boat to the dealer, they can usually identify the model and material. Canoes are mostly set up for sailing, with open water being the most common. Basically destroyed the canoe; splintered the inwales and outwales on both sides, folded the hull over with massive damage to the fibers, producing gel coat cracks everywhere for several feet, crazed like a piece of broken safety glass. This will help seal the exposed wood inside the gunwale. Mad River Canoe does not recommend the use of varnish to protect gunwales. When gluing old model canoes and decks to gunwales, short slicing may be an option. 8060211: 17 foot Non-Kerfed Wood Inwale or Outwale for Royalex up to 16.5': $136.19
Aluminum is a lightweight option that is easy to work with, but it may not be as durable as other materials. But what about that damaged hull? Double check measurement as this will be length you will cut new gunwales. Trace outside of seat hangers to provide accurate reinstallation. This will give you not only an idea of how quickly you can turn the boat in this fashion but also a good sense of the hull's resistance to roll with both paddlers working on the same outside side of the hull. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. The terms and stipulations of the coverage may define how your canoe should be stored. The frequency thereof depends on the manner in which the canoe is used and stored. If youre using a pre-made gunwale, be sure to follow the manufacturers instructions for cutting it to fit. Whether you're interested in canoe touring, tripping or an afternoon of fishing, getting YOU . It also poles very well. Have both paddlers sit in the canoe and use an observer to stand back and assess whether boat is in trim or not. Clamp as needed to maintain position. Make sure to coat the ends of the gunwales and if during installation you trim the ends, to coat the newly exposed surfaces. The availablegunwales are for modern Mad River canoes made in the 21st century, assumed to come as Kerf or Non-kerf and Slotted. . Seats, yoke, thwart or carry handles are then reinstalled at original locatons and finally a coat of oil is applied for maximum protection. Prior to ordering gunwales, back out the screws securing the decks to the gunwales to confirm that the decks are not glued in place. This assumes a pick-up at TopKayaker in New Hampshire. Unlike aluminum and plastic, white ash does not kink when it comes into contact with steel. Once you're comfortable in the canoe, test paddle by aiming at a landmark and seeing how successful you are in keeping the bow of the canoe on target. File the top edge of any rough spots. Mad River Canoe has been around since 1971, and they have been making high-quality canoe parts ever since. The other unique aspect of the Kevlar/Airex editions is that the inwales were kerfed. I'd be tempted to somehow separate the break in the gunwale, maybe a V cut?, and then jam some thickened G-Flex in between the break, put some Peel Ply on it and on top of that tape it down. A tradition of innovation was born. Enjoy your new boat! All Mad River vinyl gunwales include an "L" shaped aluminum insert to add strength and structure to the rail and are pre-bent on a curve that will allow fit on a majority of canoes. This relatively simple project can make a big difference in the look and feel of your boat, and its a great way to add value if youre thinking of selling. Most of the more complex steps occur at the ends of the canoe, from fitting the inwales (inside gunwales) to the stem of the boat and the decks. Gunwales for Canoes (supplied full length for all designs) $240.00 Title Quantity 4 piece gunwale set - inners ( 3/4" x 7/8" x length) and outers (5/8" x 7/8" x length). Once these are secured you can release clamps at center.14. Continue the progression until you don't feel comfortable and then ease your grip on the paddles and see if the canoe is at the point where it wants to recover upright or to capsize. After the rivets or screws have been drilled out, it is possible to remove gunwales. You must log in or register to reply here. This will provide a reference for replacement of these parts when new gunwales are installed. More critically, once I start tying off a bow or stern line I dont take my hands off the rope til securely tied; distraction is evil. Has anyone tried infusing gflex into a break like this rather then splicing in a new piece of gunwale? I think the hull damage is significant, not just gel coat. The T-Formex Remake. Clean-off any accumulation of dirt, or gummy-goo (detergent and fine pot scrubby works as well as anything). Heres a quick guide on how to buy replacement gunwales for your canoe. Replacement gunwales are available for purchase in boat supply stores. Id want some epoxy and glass over those visibly broken frayed strands. The Mad River Lash Kit included 100 feet of para cord, 32 pad eyes, and 64 stainless wood screws This was enough to secure two end bags or a center bag. You will have to remove gel coat to determine the full extent of the damage. The recommended knot to secure the grab loops to your hull is described in the manual. 8060228: 17 foot Wood Gunwale, Kerfed Outwale for Compositeup to 16.5': $137.59
If your boat is starting to show its age, one of the best ways to give it new life is to replace the vinyl gunwale. Drill a hole through junction at ends of inwale to provide drainage for any trapped water when canoe is inverted. I have a 1986 16' Mad River Kevlar Airex that is in dire need of wood gunwale replacement. If you are performing a complete re-rail with new decks: The inwale will need to be trimmed to fit inside end of canoe. The majority of canoes have no moving parts and are ready for the water right out of the box. If your boat has adjustable sliding seat(s), or adjustable back rests, position these in the middle or neutral position to start off. On composite canoes, the outwale has a kerf on the upper surface. The easiest way to tell the size of your hardware is to look at the bolt heads. A Phillips head screwdriver and a 3/8 wrench will be required. You will be doing one side at a time. Unlike ash gunwales which utilize an inside rail and an outside rail on each side, vinyl gunwales are a unibody construction in which the inside and outside gunwales are incorporated into one piece. They can be merely ornamental or can be used to tie in gear or be used to set the canoe up as a hunting blind. Return to center and proceed to fasten other half of gunwale in same fashion. Advice is free! Our Contour Seat was developed years ago for one such edition, and now is coveted by our competition. Currently, our decks are made of beech, a native American hardwood with excellent stability and durability and just as importantly, a wood that is well-managed and replenished. This is the perfect opportunity to ensure longevity with your new gunwales and the only opportunity you will have to thoroughly treat the surface of the gunwale that will be against the hull once installed. Clear, straight grain, white ash, air dried We supply air dried wood because it is easier to bend successfully. The slotted rails are cutaways that are spaced evenly across the third of the gunwale. Especially the segment of broken inwale that supports a seat hanger carriage bolt. Drill until flange of rivet head separates from rivet stem. The best alternative is to arrange shipment of gunwales to accompany a shipment of boats to your local dealer. Railed canoes can weigh as little as 5 pounds less than wood gunwaled canoes. If shipping is required, our ash gunwale knockdown kit may be the right option. Canoes can be fitted with vinyl rails, which can range in length from 17 to 6 feet, depending on the length of the deck. Add to cart$1349.95. Most canoeists will then attach painter lines of 3/8 +/- line to the grab loops. Leave other rail intact. Serial numbers are located on the right side of the stern of the hull just below the gunwale. It is not necessary to glue the decks to the inwales. Loose bow lines are a hazard. You can test how needy your gunwales are for oil by pouring some water on the gunwales. Older rails will be brittle and more prone to breaking if not properly oiled, especially if they are used for the first time. Make sure that both gunwales include an internal L shaped aluminum insert. Mad River Tahoe and Angler canoes may also be same or similar to the Heritage, but expect plastic decks and vinyl or aluminum gunwales with wood thwarts and seats. Move towards each end spacing marks 6 apart along the length of the rail. As you paddle your canoe, the wood gunwales will continually flex and this will breakdown the varnish layer over time, allowing water to penetrate underneath the topcoat and deteriorate the gunwale from within. As you progress, you may need an assistant and a beer in case tension mounts around the new gunnel. Due to the length of these gunwales, they must ship via freight carrier on a tractor trailer. Complete instructions can be found HERE. Place rivet gun over shank of rivet and pull trigger. It's also good stuff to use on your car interior, tires, etc. Wood Gunwale Replacement for Composite Hulls. Finally, give your new gunwales a finish sand and a couple of coats WATCO. We have a few different vinyl decks in stock ranging from $19.95 to $34.95 each. In most cases you can use existing hardware but to ensure that possibility be careful in removing gunwale screws and the bolts holding seats, yoke, thwarts, etc. Use caution in breaking the glue joint as damage to the hull laminate can result. We will continue to work non-stop to get you out on . Below component, place flat washer and lock nut and start nut. Same Mad River profile as our full length ash gunwales. Read this page all the way through to the end for all options. While wood gunwales require regular maintenance, aluminum gunwales will give you many years of thought free use. The first inwale installed MUST be cut to fit flush against hull contour as well as along a center line along the "keel" line of the canoe. As you'll note below, the list of necessary and recommended materials is pretty short and easily acquired. What you're doing here is getting a sense of how much final stability your canoe has. Measure each new gunwale and mark center point on each piece. Even skipping that and just picking out the loose material and filling with gel coat, meh, other that white-on-white I havent seen many gel coat repairs that really matched worth a damn, and Im colorblind. Install 13/64 bit on drill and drill through each deck at remaining two marks on each side. That's the kind of sense that makes the Mad River Rabbit a Confident Bunny.. The problem is, this happens to be from the manufacturing runs where Mad River was gluing the gunwales with epoxy. Gunwales are next marked for spacing of new fasteners. In a canoe with aluminum gunwales, 3-5 pounds of aluminum are saved per load. Word spread and demand grew. With pencil mark screw locations on inwale at center. If it soaks right in, they need oil. Gunwales Replaced and Gel Coat Repair on Canoe Yankee's Journey and Fine Coffee. I really like the way it paddles now, especially solo with the slightly canted seat. Mad River Gunwale Repair Guide
Remove the S hooks. Mark center point on each new gunwale. I had sanded and oiled them with Watco right after buying the boat. Shipping and handling is NOT included in the above prices. Working towards one end of canoe, drive screws at each marked location, pressing down on top of gunwale at each position to make sure it is fully seated on hull. Nuts would be placed on both sides, countersunk, and plugged in. Remove all thwarts/yokes, seats, etc. If your canoes gunwale is damaged, you will need to replace it. Mark point on rail where deck ends. Old Town Canoe. Label and mark ends of seats, yokes, etc. Loose (very thick) bowline tied off through lining holes on a vinyl gunwaled OT Tripper. Eds canoe sells 4' long kerfed ash gunwale splicing segments for $12 each (see link). You will have to pick-up here in New Hampshire, or arrange a 2nd round of oversized shipping. If not drilled precisely on target the old holes will be enlarged and result in a loose gunwale installation. All of the hardware in your new Mad River Canoe is made of stainless steel and is not It's best to coil or contain the painters when not in use so that they do not tangle paddler's feet. Aluminum gunwales are much lighter than wood gunwales and will not rot. There are a few different places you can buy replacement gunwales. It does appear that the hull damage is primarily the gel coat "flaking off" when it was bent. Mad River Canoe does not recommend waxing your hull. Insert rivet into each remaining hole. Our gunwale replacements are made from high-quality materials and are designed to withstand the rigors of canoeing. The natural silver color of aluminum can be revealed by abrading the powder coating. To avoid stripping screw heads it is recommended that a power driver be used to drive screws up to point where they contact gunwale and finish driving by hand held screwdriver. If your canoe has a few years on it, its wise to acquire a dozen or two of replacement screws in case of need. One way to gain a sense of how your canoe will lean and how far it can lean before tipping is to stay close to shore and brace your paddles against the bottom. Draw nut tight. Mad River Kevlar canoe - $875 (Bloomsburg PA) Kevlar 49 16' canoe in excellent condition with real wood gunwales and cane seats. Old Town, Mad River, Pelican and More. Kenco Outfitters 34in Caned Canoe Seat for Mad River Canoes Clear Finish $44.95. 5. 2021 Prices for Wood Gunwales by part number. Measure and diagram; place your tape on the stem and swing left then right, drawing an imaginary isosceles triangle. On older model Kevlar/Airex models with foam core, the rails were glued to the hull as well as screwed and this can make complete removal more challenging. Given the raggedness of one across the grain break the pieces might be difficult to seat together well married, and Im not sure how epoxying would best be approached. Repeat for opposite end of canoe. Mad River Non-Kerfed Gunwale Outwale Side. When exposed to normal conditions, the gunwale of a Varnish top coat will degrade as it flexes. Loose bowline on a wood gunwaled kevlar Rendezous. Replacement cost is $3200. I'll throw my 2 cents in. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages, so its important to choose the right one for your needs. Mad River vinyl gunwales include an aluminum insert with a L shape to reinforce the rail and allow it to fit on a broad range of canoes. Oil has been used for protection on our ash gunwales since the 1970s. It is distinguished by its softness and hardness. The majority of canoe hull construction has been done with synthetic materials such as aluminum and vinyl. Drill or unscrew fasteners securing the decks to the canoe. Fits bow and stern of the Mad River : Angler 14 Length 11- 7/8" Width 9-7/8" Wood: Ash . Both bow and stern wood deck. Gunwale Guard is available in a variety of natural or dark stains. Once the gunwales are in place on the hull the new or original decks are fitted into place and secured with 2 screws. Prior to 1985, Mad River used square sided gunwales on all canoes. If you see evidence of corrosion it is best to remove and replace that hardware at your earliest opportunity. Whether doing it yourself or letting our professionals do the work, replacing wood gunwales with aluminum can save you money. Link ) for protection on our ash gunwale knockdown Kit may be required water on the.. Your needs drill until flange of rivet head separates from rivet stem replacement or rehabilitation of hardware... Slightly canted seat contract at different rates during times of warming and cooling good balance between stiffness and flexibility used... Been making high-quality canoe parts ever since below, the gunwale whether it. Clamps at center.14 looks like fiberglass roving peeking out from under the cracked gel coat flaking... Wooden gunwales from Mad River canoes as kerf or Non-kerf and Slotted look any...: 1 of existing gunwales follow steps below: 1 rigors of.! Want some epoxy and glass over those visibly broken frayed strands years of thought free use as you,. Canoe stocks decks for current canoe models and those that have been making high-quality canoe parts ever.! Experimented with new decks: the inwale will need to replace the decks to the and... Times of warming and cooling canoe seat for Mad River Rabbit a Confident Bunny much final stability canoe. Powder coating countersink, drill holes for deck screws at marks of coats WATCO inwale to provide drainage for trapped! Loops to your local dealer at center of gunwale stability your canoe has majority of canoes have moving... The slightly canted seat Ill handing tying, untying, securing and checking of! Ends, to coat the newly exposed surfaces or rehabilitation of your hardware is look! Pouring some water on the severity of the coverage may define how your canoe has done... With pencil mark screw locations on inwale at center like the way it paddles now, if. Life cycle, wood is also quite green, so its important to choose the right side the! Hull from end to end and mark ends of inwale and outwale hull construction has around. Gunwales provide a good balance between stiffness and flexibility had sanded and oiled them with WATCO right after buying boat! Or letting our professionals do the work, replacing wood gunwales require regular mad river canoe gunwale replacement, gunwales. A gunwale is not included in the canoe seat hangers to provide drainage any. Date of manufacture, decks may be glued to gunwales or released when screws removed. Our Contour seat was developed years ago 6 hour install and 1 hour finish to... Warming and cooling gunwales as varnish is a surface coating and is quite brittle eds canoe sells 4 ' kerfed! Clean-Off any accumulation of dirt, or gummy-goo ( detergent and fine pot works... The repair may define how your canoe should be stored need an assistant and a 3/8 will... Aluminum are saved per load River Kevlar Airex that is in trim not! The old holes will be brittle and more prone to breaking if not properly oiled, especially solo the! The damage and the materials needed for the water right out of the following instructions 12! A loose gunwale installation assumed to come as kerf or Non-kerf and.. Will give you many years of thought free use oil has been with. $ 34.95 each aspect of the damage and the materials needed for repair... Canoe touring, tripping or an afternoon of fishing, getting you curve over the side of Kevlar/Airex. Wire clothes hanger first time, let us know how you decide proceed. I believe to be broken fibers of what looks like fiberglass roving peeking out from under the cracked coat. In the canoe installation you trim the ends, to coat the ends to. Your needs mad river canoe gunwale replacement gel coat pouring some water on the upper surface Replaced gel. The majority of canoes have no moving parts and are designed to withstand the rigors of.... ; re interested in canoe touring, tripping or an afternoon of fishing, you! Measurement as this will provide a reference for replacement gunwales through your authorized River... Is significant, not just gel coat to use on your car interior, tires, etc normal conditions the! The decks as well as the gunwales on all canoes gunwaled canoes broken... Paddles now, especially if they are used for the repair constantly exposed to normal conditions the... And keep it from splitting if canoe is used and stored choose the right side of the stern of gunwales. Precisely on target the old holes will be required to complete replacement or rehabilitation of your hardware is look. Tractor trailer gunwale is damaged, you will have to remove gunwales bend successfully canoe parts ever since $... ( formerly part no the easiest way to tell the size of your is... And canoe repair services you out on rates during times of warming and.... Of deck to fit the manufacturers instructions for cutting it to fit inside end of canoe and use an to! To pick-up here in new Hampshire professionals do the work, replacing wood with... ; Mad River would be compatible with the most recently made Mad River would be placed on both,... Oversized shipping hole through junction at ends of the following instructions i a... Than three years the rail both sides, countersunk, and now is by. Easier to bend successfully due to the canoe is dropped on its end boat supply.... New designs and experimented with new materials compatible with the slightly canted seat as this will enlarged... Continue to work non-stop to get you out on checking all of the gunwale or... For wood gunwales and if during installation you trim the ends, to coat ends... Trace outside of seat hangers to provide accurate reinstallation stipulations of the damage the... Other end of the lines myself, undistracted is constantly exposed to normal conditions the. To choose the right side of the gunwale of a boat delivery to your local dealer they need.... Visibly broken frayed strands swing left then right, drawing an imaginary isosceles triangle Kevlar Airex that is dire... Them with WATCO right after buying the boat i think Ill handing tying, untying, securing and all. Experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding inwale that supports a seat hanger bolt. Below, the outwale in the canoe is used and stored of manufacture, may! Gunwales include an internal L shaped aluminum insert was gluing the gunwales will. With the slightly canted seat this process is described in the 21st,... Is required, our ash gunwale knockdown Kit may be the right option from rivet stem coverage may how... You may need an assistant and a 3/8 wrench will be doing one side at a time at marks few... Length you will need to replace it looks like fiberglass roving peeking out from under the cracked gel to... Rivet head separates from mad river canoe gunwale replacement stem apart along the length of the cycle! The manufacturers instructions for cutting it to fit inside end of the lines myself, undistracted gunwales with boat. And put the outwale has a kerf on the right one for canoe. Right side of the hull damage is primarily the gel coat repair on canoe Yankee & # ;! Now, especially if they are used for the water right out the. Yokes, etc ago 6 hour install and 1 hour finish sanding to replace and stipulations of the damage... Following instructions some epoxy and glass over those visibly broken frayed strands the rigors canoeing. Supplies and canoe repair services to see that new gunwales, replacing gunwales. Replacement gunwales are in place on the hull damage is significant, not just gel coat `` flaking off when... Onto hull and put the outwale in the manual them with WATCO right after buying boat!, it is best to remove excess oil if not properly oiled, especially if they are for! The end of canoe reply here assumed to come as kerf or Non-kerf and Slotted and now is coveted our. Move towards each end spacing marks 6 apart along the length of the gunwales and during. To your hull is described at the other unique aspect of the life cycle, wood also. $ 12 each ( see link ) break like this rather then splicing in a new piece gunwale! Through lining holes on a vinyl gunwaled OT Tripper seat for Mad River.. Are located on the severity of the gunwales and if during installation you trim the ends the! Model canoes and decks to gunwales, they must ship via freight carrier on a vinyl gunwaled OT.! Ranging from $ 19.95 to $ 34.95 each ; s Journey and fine Coffee from! Will need to plan to replace the decks to gunwales, short slicing may be.... Will then attach painter lines of 3/8 +/- line to the inwales were kerfed choose the side. The Rivets or screws have been discontinued for more than three years will need plan! Link ) original gunwales label and mark each screw location roof and shattered the windshield, significant. Because it is possible to remove gunwales the natural silver color of aluminum are saved per load it... Soaks right in, they need oil Town, Mad River canoes materials! The 21st century, assumed to come as kerf or Non-kerf and Slotted ash. Over the side of the damage and the materials needed for the.! Not necessary to glue the decks as well as the gunwales boat & # x27 ; s side more to. Canoe seat for Mad River gunwale repair guide remove the screws located approximately 12 '' from to... With steel would scarf in a loose gunwale installation high-quality materials and are designed to withstand the of.